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Analysis of Salary Growth Rate assumption adopted by NSE 50 Companies (FY18 and FY19)

Salary growth rate is one of the most important assumptions made while performing actuarial valuation of salary based employee benefit schemes such as gratuity, earned leaves, pensions etc. Its significance can be understood from the fact that even a 1% (absolute) change in the year-on-year salary growth rate assumption can easily change the overall liability value by 5% to 10% (absolute).


In addition, the salary growth rate assumption often tends to be a point of discussion and debate between the auditors and the management, with auditors challenging the appropriateness of this assumption based on the actual salary growth rates awareded over the last few years.


As actuarial consultants providing advice and actuarial valuation services, we often receive request from our clients and their auditors to provide benchmarks against which they can validate their actuarial assumptions, in particular the salary growth rate assumption. To facilitate this, we undertake an annual review of the salary growth rate assumption adopted by NSE 50 companies. This article highlights our analysis for FY 2018-19 along with comparatives for past few FYs. The analysis for previous financial years can be found here:


http://www.kpac.co.in/kc/29/salary-growth-rate:-what-are-nse-50-companies-assuming.html

 

http://www.kpac.co.in/kc/52/analysis-of-salary-growth-rate-assumption-adopted-by-nse-50-companies-(fy17-andfy18).html


As part of our analysis, we have also drawn out the relative movement between the salary growth rate assumption and the discount rate. Theoretically, both the salary growth rate as well as discount rate assumption are closely linked to the long term expectation of inflation in the economy and hence should be positively correlated. As such, studying the two movements together helps in assessing the consistency of the assumptions as well as assess the net strengthening / weakening of the overall salary growth rate assumption.


Why NSE 50 Companies?

The companies considered for this research are amongst the largest corporate houses in India. They are also amongst the ones which get audited by the leading audit firms in the country. It is therefore reasonable to expect the practices adopted by these companies to be amongst the best in their respective industries.


Before looking at the findings below, it should be noted here that during FY 2018-19, the composition of the Nifty 50 index changed for two companies (viz. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited and Indiabulls Housing Finance Limited) which were part of index as at 31 March 2018 were replaced by Britannia Industries and Nestle India Limited in the index as at 31 March 2019. The findings below are based on the Companies that comprised the index as on 7 Feburary 2020.


Further, note that the salary growth rate assumption of three companies (out of 50) was not readily available from their annual report and as a result the findings in this article are based on the salary growth rate of the remaining 47 companies.


Overview of the findings

The below chart shows the average salary growth rate and the average discount rate of the NSE 50 companies along with the 10 year and 5 year Government bond yields over the last two financial years (i.e. FY 2017-18 and FY 2018- 19):




Source: Annual reports of various companies and www.investing.com. The details captured for each company can be accessed by clicking here. Further, note that average assumptions shown above reflect a simple average of the assumptions across different companies.


Following are the main findings of our analysis:

  • As can be observed from the above chart, the absolute level of average salary growth rate assumption for NSE 50 Companies has remained unchanged between FY 2017-18 and FY 2018-19 (being 7.6% p.a. as at 31 March 2019 and 31 March 2018).

Whilst majority of the companies maintained their salary growth rates at same levels during the two financial years, 10 companies were observed to have strengthened their salary growth rate assumption during FY2018- 19, whereas 3 companies were observed to have lowered their salary growth rate assumption during FY2018- 19.


  • From a relative perspective, we note that whilst the average of salary growth rate assumption has remained unchanged, the average discount rate assumption has decreased by about 10 bps, from 7.7% p.a. as at 31 March 2018 to 7.6% p.a. as at 31 March 2019. This decrease is driven by the fall in yields on government bonds of lower tenure (primarily lower than 10 years). As a reference, we note that the yield on benchmark 10-year government bond has remained same however; yield on 5-year government bond has decreased by about 30 basis points for the period ending 31 March 19. Thus, from a relative movement perspective, the average salary growth rate assumption for FY 2018-19 may be considered to have marginally strengthened given the decrease in discount rate during the period.

Over a relatively longer period though, we observe the average salary growth rate assumption to have strengthened (on both absolute as well as relative to discount rate basis). The below chart summarizes the average salary growth rate and discount rate assumption adopted by NSE 50 companies since FY2009:



  • The minimum salary growth rate assumption was observed to be 5% p.a. whereas the maximum was observed to be 12% p.a. as at FY 2018-19. The following chart shows the split of number of companies based on the range of the salary growth rate assumption as at 31 March 2019:




  • Majority of the companies have used a single salary growth rate assumption across employees and future years of service. However, 3 companies used varying assumption for different category of employees and 5 companies varied the assumption by year of projection. This has been discussed in more detail below.

Application of Salary Growth Rate assumption

As mentioned in the Overview section, the general trend is to use a single assumption for salary growth rate in their valuation (e.g. assumption of 7.5% per annum for all future projection years and for all category of employees). However, companies could consider varying the assumption on the following basis:


  • Varying Salary Growth Rate by year of projection

Varying salary growth rate assumption by year of projection means assuming a different salary growth rate for short term and long term. For example, the salary growth can be assumed to be 10% p.a. for first 3 years of projection and 8% p.a. thereafter. As indicated above, 5 NSE 50 companies (Asian paints Limited, Cipla Limited, Hero Moto Corp Limited, Nestle India Limited and Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.) have adopted this approach as at 31 March 2019.


This approach has the advantage of reflecting the currently higher (or lower) actual salary growth rates as well as the structural view of the Company over the long term. This approach also tends to help build consensus with the auditors who may be challenging the salary growth rate assumption based on the actual salary growth rates awarded over the last two to three years.


You can refer to one of our earlier articles on this approach by clicking on the following link:


http://www.kpac.co.in/kc/12/salary-growth-rate-varying-by-year-of-projection.html

 

  • Varying Salary Growth Rate by category of employees:

In this case, the salary growth rate assumption is varied basis the category of employees. For example, employees may be classified as senior management, middle management and non-management employees and a different rate of salary growth may be assumed for each category. As indicated above, 3 NSE 50 companies (Coal India Limited, Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited and Titan Company Limited) have adopted this approach as at 31 March 2019.


Doing so helps the organization in setting a more realistic liability as generally, it is seen that the increase in the salary tends to vary by the category of employees.


Concluding Thoughts

Overall, the average salary growth rate assumption has risen over the years from FY09 before stabilizing between 7.5% to 8%p.a. in the last few years. A stabilization of the salary growth rate assumption could be expected as the economy matures and inflation continues to be benign and stable.


However, the year-on-year salary growth rates may vary considerably between industries and companies, depending upon myriad factors. These can be (and, in our view, should be) reflected in the assumption by adopting rates that vary by years of projection and category of employees, as discussed above.


I thank you for reading this note and welcome any comments or recommendations or observations you may have on the subject. You can direct those to the email address mentioned below.

Khushwant Pahwa, FIAI, FIA, B Com (H)
Founder and Consulting Actuary
KPAC (Actuaries and Consultants)
k.pahwa@kpac.co.in
www.kpac.co.in


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